![]() Value added per worker appears to have been 2.25 times higher in Chicago, which can readily explain the 70% wage gap. Capital per worker appears to have been about 2.44 times higher in Chicago than in Buenos Aires in 1914. Second, Chicago moved much more quickly towards being an industrial producer as well as a transformer of raw commodities. Chicago also had more German immigrants, who were relatively well educated, while Buenos Aires disproportionately attracted immigrants from the less well-educated countries of Spain and Italy. were much better educated, reflecting the strength of the American common school movement in the early nineteenth century. The main reason for this difference is that rural–urban migrants in the U.S. Instead, the adults coming into Buenos Aires seem to have been much less educated than those coming into Chicago. This difference does not reflect educational enrollments, which seem broadly similar after 1884 Argentine education reform. First, the education levels of Chicago residents seem to have been much higher. ![]() Yet there were significant differences in Chicago and Buenos Aires even in 1910, beyond that income gap. By 1910, the income gap between the two cities had closed to the point where real wages were about 70% higher in Chicago, which is substantially less than the gap was in 1890 or today. Refrigeration significantly aids the exports of both cities. The stockyards that carve up cattle and pigs are big employers in both places. ![]() From there, the beef was processed and the produce shipped east. In both cases, rail lines brought wheat and beef into the port. ![]() On a functional level, the cities in 1900s appear quite similar. Footnote 1 In this paper, we ask whether differences between the cities at the start of the twentieth century can help us to make sense of their divergent paths since then. Buenos Aires has had faster population growth, but Chicago has become much richer and has also been generally free of the regime-changing political uprisings that have challenged the Argentine capital. Over the course of the twentieth century, the paths of the two cities have, of course, significantly diverged, just as the paths of Argentina and the U.S. ![]()
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